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    • 专利摘要:
    Method and communication system for sensors with heterogeneous capacities comprising at least one slave device (7) with at least one sensor (5) and a master device (6) communicated with the slave (7) via a radio frequency (8) channel -duplex at close range. Teacher (6) and slave (7) comprise: - a microcontroller (1), connected to a signal modulation/adaptation chain (2) and a coupling transceiver (3), and to storage means (4); And are configured to: - the teacher (6) sending a message to a slave (7) containing the identification and abilities of the teacher (6); - the slave (7) in response and after a timeout, send a message to the master (6), indicating teacher identification (6) and slave identification and capabilities (7); - based on all the responses and download preferences, the master (6) enables a data download mode to one or more selected slaves (7). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2629990A1
    申请号:ES201630171
    申请日:2016-02-15
    公开日:2017-08-17
    发明作者:Borja BORDEL SANCHEZ；Marina PEREZ JIMENEZ；Ramón Pablo ALCARRIA GARRIDO；Tomas Enrique ROBLES VALLADARES
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Procedure and communication system for sensors OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention falls within the technical sector of information and communications technologies, more specifically, in relation to short distance wireless communications procedures.
    More particularly, the present invention relates to a communications system and method for downloading sensor data with different features.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Communications procedures, in general, are described in order to guarantee a certain level of communication quality. They either try to reduce the latency, the number of retransmissions or to guarantee a certain capacity in the link, but they always do it assuming a hardware of homogeneous implementation and of sufficient capacity to execute said procedure (such as, for example, the procedure described in the document ES2434317).
    In cases where the price, objective or design of the devices to be communicated does not allow the incorporation of the necessary capacities to execute any procedure; Either a new procedure adapted to the devices is defined (totally new and independent), or an existing one is adapted, or it is decided to directly access the content of the memory by mounting the device as part of the filesystem of a personal computer ( by using, for example, USB connections).
    In the first case, modifying the communications procedure implies modifying all the devices to be communicated, even those whose capabilities were well suited from the beginning. In the second case, the complete interoperability and / or practical use of the reduced procedure is not guaranteed without imposing certain limits on the communication process. In the last case, the intervention
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    Human is essential, being very difficult to implement automatic solutions (as in the procedure described in document ES2450170).
    Thus, whatever the solution adopted, the efficiency of the process is highly affected (due to the need to modify a large number of devices, to underuse the available resources or the inclusion of the human factor).
    This situation, which can occur in any field where electronic devices intervene, is especially important when it comes to sensor deployments. In such deployments, it is common to find devices with heterogeneous capacities that range from portable meteorological stations with large memory and processing capacity, to specialized miniaturized sensors and very low resources. Although in some applications the transmission of the data in real time is sought (for which procedures such as the one found in document ES2497342 are described), in others the acquisition of data and the processing thereof are completely decoupled, being necessary Run a download process of the measurements.
    To automate this process, there are several communication procedures that can be used.
    Document ES2548877 describes a procedure to request permission to transmit traffic from one first entity to another. The procedure described, however, cannot be extended elementary to sets of three or more entities (as would be the case of a group of sensors whose data you want to download in bulk) by not addressing problems such as message collisions in the physical channel In addition, it is a procedure that does not allow flexibility to adapt to the capabilities of the underlying hardware, so that the established communication can partially waste the available resources.
    Document ES2547542 describes a communications procedure that allows two base stations of a mobile system to communicate. When the elements to be communicated are base stations of mobile systems or similar, the capabilities of the devices are highly oversized, have a constant power supply, etc. Therefore, its use in isolated sensors is not possible and / or would be highly inefficient. This procedure maintains the same problems as the
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    Previously, in addition to being oriented to large teams that communicate over long distances, which contradicts the requirements of the scenario that, within the context of the present invention, is considered a possible application scenario.
    Other techniques, such as that described in ES2402264, make extensive use of the radioelectric spectrum by monitoring several frequency bands, to select the one in which the communication quality is better. This procedure, in addition, is mixed with multiple access techniques over time to maximize communication efficiency. Again, however, this procedure does not allow communicating entities that cannot manage such extensive use of the radioelectric spectrum, in particular, it cannot be implemented in all those devices that can only handle a single radio frequency channel.
    In addition, in applications of data downloads, the signaling associated with the communication process must be minimal and, in these procedures, the signaling can be very important, requiring centralized management in one of the communicating devices.
    On a commercial level, technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) also address data communication through coupling, but only allow a little Kb of information to be transmitted, at a distance that, as a minimum is of the order of 5 centimeters.
    At the logistic level, all the processes to download the data from isolated sensors (not connected to a network) are obsolete compared to a system that was capable of carrying out said process autonomously (which would allow a much more efficient and less expensive management in human and cost terms).
    The objective technical problem that arises is thus to provide a method and means of communication for downloading data from multiple sensors, which may have different processing and communication capabilities, to download their data without interference between the different sensors and with a consumption energetic mmimo.
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    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention serves to solve the problem mentioned above, solving the problems presented by the solutions mentioned in the state of the art, by means of a communication procedure for downloading data from a set of sensors that may have heterogeneous performance, to a device reader. The reading device is implemented in a master module, which communicates with a set of sensors, connected to slave modules and cannot communicate with each other. Slave modules, which can only communicate with the master, cannot make a transmission if it is not in response to a previous request by the master module. Only then, slaves can download the data from their sensors to the master module reader in bulk.
    One aspect of the invention relates to a short distance communication procedure for sensors comprising the following steps:
    - Send a first message from a device or master module to the slaves indicating the identification and capabilities of the master.
    - In response, slaves transmit a message indicating their identification, that of the master and the capabilities of each slave device.
    - Once all the responses have been received, the master module processes them jointly and individually, considers their own capabilities and those of the slaves and download preferences described in a file specially dedicated to it. And, based on the above, the master module allows the download of data from the different slaves.
    According to possible embodiments of the invention, this data download can be performed by one or more of the following possible download modes, or a possible combination thereof:
    o Grant a specific slave device permission to transmit a specific amount of traffic.
    o Grant a specific slave device permission to transmit traffic for a specific period of time. o Grant a set of slave devices the total download of your data.
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    o Assign a radio channel permanently to a specific slave device so that it can be used indefinitely in time to download its data.
    It is possible that the granting of permission to a specific slave device to transmit a specific amount of traffic is terminated by the master device after a period of inactivity of the slave device, even if the amount of traffic granted has not been exhausted.
    Another aspect of the invention relates to a system that implements the communication procedure described above comprising the following components:
    - One or more slave devices comprising one or more sensors and a microcontroller to which the sensors are connected. In addition, each slave comprises a signal modulation and adaptation chain and a transceiver based on the physical coupling phenomenon (capacitive or inductive) at close range. The slave device also has permanent information storage means, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), where the data from the sensors can be recorded. A slave module can only communicate with a reader or master module at the same time.
    - The reader module that implements the master device can communicate with several slave modules at the same time. The master device consists of the same elements as a slave, excluding the transducer (sensor). The master device comprises a microcontroller to which a signal modulation and adaptation chain is connected. Said chain ends in a transceiver based on the physical coupling phenomenon (capacitive or inductive), so that the master device can only communicate with those slaves located a few millimeters away or, ideally, with which it has contact. The master device also has means of permanent storage of the information.
    Optionally, the system can charge the batteries or power supply of the slave device by means of the coupling phenomenon with the master device.
    The advantages of the present invention with respect to the prior art solutions are fundamentally:
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    - By using reader devices (master module) and sensors (slave modules) built with the described hardware architecture, which uses signals of very low power, a decrease in energy consumption is achieved.
    - Likewise, the described communication procedure makes it possible to reduce the interferences between the slave modules while avoiding all the legal limitations in relation to the use of the radioelectric spectrum by not exceeding the minimum power threshold. Therefore, the present invention solves the problem of collisions of messages in the physical channel, which do not solve existing solutions (as described in ES2548877 discussed in the background of the invention). And it also makes more efficient use of the radioelectric spectrum, unlike other existing solutions (such as the one described in ES2402264 discussed in the background of the invention).
    - The present invention presents synergies between the advantages of the communication procedure described herein and the hardware of the different entities of the system, which result in an increase in efficiency at all levels.
    - Depending on the size / price or objective of the sensors, ranging from portable meteorological stations to low-cost devices, the processing capabilities of the microprocessor and the communication capabilities of the signal modulation and adaptation stage of Slaves can vary widely, but the procedure described allows all of them to be communicated interchangeably (without having to define reduced versions of a more complex procedure, as is common).
    - When using coupling-based transceivers, the slave modules and the master module will communicate wirelessly, when there is a distance of just a few millimeters between them (or if there is contact). This will allow the use of very low power signals, which will significantly reduce the energy consumption of the communication and avoid interference between slaves.
    - On instruments that do not have a continuous power supply, the battery life is a key problem. The present invention allows to maximize this duration by drastically reducing the consumption in communications (usually the most important consumption), thanks to the use of extremely low power signals,
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    as mentioned above, and the definition of two modes of operation (connected and disconnected) of the slave devices, as detailed below.
    - When very complex communications procedures (which require extensive hardware resources) are intended to be implemented in low-resource platforms, either their utilization is rejected or specific and reduced versions of the procedure arise whose interoperability with the full version is not fully guaranteed. Directly implement a reduced version on all devices wastes the resources of those elements that could execute complex procedures. With the procedure described here, the communication adapts to the hardware performance of the elements (one by one) maximizing communication efficiency with full compatibility.
    - The invention is intended to establish wireless communications between separate devices a few millimeters or that have contact. Other short distance communications systems move in the range of centimeters
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example of this is described very briefly below.
    FIGURE 1.- Shows a block diagram of the communication system architecture for sensors based on slave and master devices, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
    FIGURE 2.- Shows a schematic representation of a chronogram of the communication procedure for sensors, for a complete download of data, according to a possible embodiment of the invention.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    A block diagram of the reference architecture for the hardware of the master and slave devices that make up the communication system is shown in Figure 1
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    for sensors described. The system comprises a master device (6) that connects with at least one slave device (7) via a very short distance wireless link. This radio frequency link or channel (8) is semi-duplex. Both the master device (6) and each slave device (7) comprise a microcontroller (1), to which a signal modulation and adaptation chain (2) that excites a transceiver (3) based on the coupling phenomenon is connected, It can be capacitive or inductive. To the microcontroller (1) are also connected persistent storage media (4) of the information. In the case of the slave device (7), a set of one or more sensors (5) is also connected to the microcontroller (1).
    Whatever the hardware configuration of the master (6) and slave (7) devices, they all have the following properties:
    - All the devices, master (6) and slaves (7), of the system have a unique identification or identity number in the display. In particular, the identifications of the slave devices (7) can be defined in such a way that from them information can be extracted such as the type of sensor or sensors (5) to which it is connected, for example, humidity, temperature sensor .. ., and / or the relative importance of said slave device (7) with respect to other slaves in the system that collect sensor data. These identities of master devices (6) and slaves (7) can be assigned manually or automatically, but in both cases a register of the assigned identities is available, accessible by the master device (6). In case the identifications of the slave devices (7) are not prepared to be able to extract from them directly the relevant information about the sensors
    (5), this information of the sensors (5) can be associated in the described register with the identification of the slave device (7) to which they are connected. This record may be stored in the storage media (4) of the master device (6) or of the slave device (7).
    - The system also has a descriptive file of the preferences for downloading the data that the master device can offer (6). In said file, accessible by the master device (6), the data of which type of sensors should be downloaded first, which should not be downloaded or any other important data related to the download process are indicated. This file
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    it can be stored in the storage media (4) of the master device (6) or of the slave device (7).
    - All devices, master (6) and slaves (7), of the system also have a description of their own capabilities. This description refers to both the microcontroller (1) and the signal modulation and adaptation chain (2). It can be an explicit description, where parameters such as "memory space" or "number of radio channels" are given value; or, those capacities are determined from a symbol, for example, a number, which refers to a pre-established category, for example, "high capacity device".
    - The signal modulation and adaptation chain (2) of each master device
    (6) and slave (7), employs a semi-duplex radio channel, with two-way but not necessarily simultaneous information sending, capable of modulating at least one single carrier, which is denoted here as fpub: ica.
    For slave devices (7) two modes of operation are defined, in order to increase the energy efficiency of the system:
    - Connected mode: In this mode the slave devices (7) keep all the hardware active, especially the signal modulation and adaptation chain (2). In this mode the slave devices (7) can receive, process and reply to the messages of the master module (6).
    - Disconnected mode: In this mode the slave devices (7) disconnect all hardware, except the sensors (5) and the microcontroller elements (1) necessary for its operation. In this mode the slave devices (7) inspect the fpPbiica frequency ■ And when at that frequency power appears, the devices
    slaves (7) change to “connected mode”.
    With all this, the system implements a procedure to download data from a set of sensors (5) of heterogeneous capacities, connected to the slave modules
    (7), towards a reading device that is the master module (6), as follows:
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    - The master device (6) sends periodically, in the public frequency a
    communication start message. This message includes the identification of the master (6) and the description of its capabilities, stored in the storage media (4) of the master device (6). After finishing the envm, the teacher (6) starts listening on the fpubnca frequency in search of an answer from some
    slave device (7).
    - Upon receiving power at the fpvhiic frequency, the slave devices (7) change to
    "connected mode". When previously found in "disconnected mode" the first message sent by the master (6) cannot be received and processed by the slave devices (7). When the slave devices (7) hear a second communication start message, which the master (6) periodically sends, each slave (7) calculates a timeout independently. To do this, they use a discrete, positive and definite positive injected function, which takes the identification of the slave as variable (7). This function, like the one described later in an example of implementation, is such that the minimum separation between two times calculated by it is greater than the time necessary for a slave module (7) to transmit its response to the master module ( 6). With this time, each slave module (7) starts a timer. At the end of the timer, the slave module (7) transmits its response. This avoids collisions in the semi-duplex radio channel.
    - The response of the slave (7) includes its identification, that of the master module (6) to which it is addressed, the characteristics of the data produced by its sensors (5), such as the bit length of its data, and the description of its capabilities, which the slave device (7) keeps stored in its storage media (4). Optionally, the slave device (7) may include a request for use of any of the specific resources that the master (6) has been able to announce in the communication start message. If a slave module (7), after processing the communication start message, does not wish to download its data to that master module (6), it does not send any response. The sending from each slave module (7) is done by modulating the public frequency. After that all slave modules
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    (7) enter a waiting phase until a response is received from the master module (6).
    - The master module (6) keeps listening on the frequency fp ^ uc the time
    enough so that all slave modules (7) of the deployment can respond. The master (6) stores all the responses in a queue of its storage media (4). If said queue does not have sufficient capacity, some responses can be discarded following a discard policy, for example: the last answers, the first ones, are randomly discarded, etc. Once all the answers have been received, the master module (6) randomly orders them. It seeks not to penalize in this way those slaves (7) who waited longer to transmit their response. The master device (6) then proceeds to perform a group and individual processing of the responses of the slave modules (7).
    - Considering the capabilities received from each of the slave devices (7), those of the master device (6) and the preferences file accessed, the master device (6) can choose to perform any of the following actions to download the data from the sensors (5), so that the use of available resources is maximized:
    A) Grant permission to transmit a specific amount of traffic to a specific slave device (7). For this, the master module (6) sends a message indicating, at least, its identification, that of the slave module (7) destination and the amount of traffic allowed. After receiving the message, the slave device (7) can send data from its sensors (5) until the amount of traffic granted is completed. If after a certain time the download has not started or has been interrupted, the master device (6) terminates the action. Depending on the capabilities of the signal modulation and adaptation chain (2) of both master (6) and slave (7) devices, the download can be made on the radio channel r: -, io on another than the master (6 ) you can select.
    B) Grant permission to transmit traffic to a specific slave device (7) for a specific period of time. For this, the master module (6) sends a message indicating, at least, its identification, that of the
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    slave module (7) destination and the amount of time allocated. After receiving the message, the slave device (7) can send data from its sensors (5) until the time allowed is completed. Once the time has elapsed, the master device (6) terminates the action. Depending on the capabilities of the signal modulation and adaptation chain (2) of both master (6) and slave (7) devices, the download can be done on the fpub radio channel: ica or other than the master (6) select
    C) Allow a set of slave devices (7) to fully download their data. For this, the master module (6) sends a message indicating its own identification and the list of slave devices (7) to which the download is allowed. The list may be given by extension, citing all devices, or through some common property, for example, sensor type, importance, etc. Upon receiving the message, all slave modules (7) of the set that want to respond start an algorithm that determines the time that each individual sensor (5) can be transmitting data, and the time it must wait until it can transmit again. This algorithm must take as input, at least, the identification of the slave module (6), although it can also use other parameters such as the number of sensors (5) that are going to download data. When a slave device (7) ends the transmission, it remains inactive. When during a transmission period the master (6) does not receive data from any of the slaves (7) in the set, he understands that the download has been completed and the action is terminated. Depending on the capabilities of the signal modulation and adaptation chain (2) of the master (6) and slave (7) devices, the download can be done on the radio channel fvuil; icc or other than the master (6) have selected, and in
    In the latter case, it is required that all slaves (7) of the set can transmit in the indicated radio channel.
    D) Assign a radio channel permanently to a slave device (7) so that it can be used indefinitely. For this, the master module (6) sends a message indicating, at least, its own identification, that of the slave (7) to whom the concession is directed and the frequency assigned to it. Upon receiving the message, the slave module (7) moves to the new channel and transmits an acceptance message, bringing the resource
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    It is reserved exclusively. Periodically the teacher (6) checks that there is still connectivity with the slave module (7), and when it does not exist, the concession is canceled, the resource released and the action is terminated.
    It will also be possible to execute a succession of the previous actions.
    In cases where the master (6) is able to manage the use of several radio channels simultaneously, he places the transmission of the slaves (7) in several of them and can carry out several download processes simultaneously.
    In the event that this is not possible, the master (6) can execute several cascade download processes, taking into account that to start one, the previous one must have been completely completed
    Once all the responses received from the slave devices (7) have been answered, the master device (6) restarts the process, looking for new devices.
    As the slave devices (7) are removed from the master module (6), the slave devices (7) enter "disconnected mode" again.
    Figure 2 shows a summary schedule of the communication procedure between the master device (6) and the slave device (7), in the case where the slave device (7) accepts a preference for full download of its data offered by the device teacher (6).
    In a possible specific implementation of the procedure, all slave modules (7) formed by four-digit numbers are assigned identifiers: the first two define the type of sensor, for example, "11" for temperature sensors, "22" for sensors of humidity and "33" for presence sensors, and the rest of the values have no type assigned, and the following two are to refer to the specific sensor number (5) of that type. The identifier "0000" corresponds to the identification of the master module (6).
    All master (6) and slave (7) devices can use the frequency of fp ^ bnca =
    13.56MHz as a carrier of the semi-duplex radio channel.
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    The capacities of the master (6) and slave (7) devices are described by numbers from 1 to 3, which identify the following categories:
    - Number 1: Devices with very small capacities. They can only handle the fpubnca channel and have no process capability to execute complex algorithms
    - Number 2: Medium capacity devices. They manage the fpubiica channel and a second semi-duplex channel fdatDS. They have the ability to execute complex algorithms
    - Number 3: High capacity devices. They handle several radio channels and have sufficient process capabilities to perform digital signal processing.
    In a possible implementation, as a discrete, increased and definite positive injection function for the calculation of the waiting time by the slave devices (7), the following is used:
    T
    identification
    image 1
    The algorithm that allows slave devices (7) to download data to the master (6) when it grants the total download of data to a set is as follows:
    identification

    10
    (ms)

    Finally, the times after which the different actions are terminated are:
    - In the case of granting the transmission of a certain amount of traffic, the action is terminated after 150 ms of inactivity
    - In the case of exclusively granting a radio channel to a slave device (7), the reservation is canceled after 5 seconds without connectivity.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
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    1. A communication procedure for sensors with heterogeneous capabilities, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    - send a first message, via a radio frequency channel (8) for short-distance wireless communication, from a master device (6) to at least one slave device (7) comprising sensors (5), indicating on the first message a unique identification of the master device (6) and capabilities described for the master device (6);
    - in response to the first message and through the radio frequency channel (8), send a reply message to the master device (6) from the at least one slave device (7), indicating on the response message the identification of the master device (6), a unique identification of the slave device (7) and capabilities described for the slave device (7);
    - after receiving the response message from all slave devices (7) to which the master device (6) sent the first message, the master device (6) enables data downloading, through a particular download mode, from the sensors (5) of at least one slave device (7) selected by the master device (6) based on all response messages considered jointly and individually, and the download mode is determined by the master device (6) based on the capabilities described for the master device (6) and the slave device (7) selected and based on download preferences described for the sensors (5) of the selected slave device (7).
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the master device (6) enables data downloading, by one or more of the following possible download modes:
    to. Grant the slave device (7) selected permission to transmit a predefined amount of traffic.
    b. Grant a slave device (7) selected permission to transmit traffic for a predefined period of time.
    C. Grant a plurality of slave devices (7) selected to download the total data from all of its sensors (5).
    d. Assign a radio frequency channel (8) permanently to a slave device (7) selected to download data from its sensors (5).
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    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the master device (6) enables multiple data downloads to be executed in cascade, each data download being initiated when the previous one ends.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the master device (6) enables simultaneous data downloading, in a plurality of radio frequency channels (8), to a plurality of slave devices (7).
    [5]
    5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radio frequency channel (8) between the master device (6) towards the at least one slave device (7) is semi-duplex.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the download preferences are described in a file accessible to the master device (6).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the response message of the slave devices (7) also contains a request for a hardware resource indicated by the master device (6) in the first message.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacities for the master device (6) and the slave device (7) are described by a series of hardware parameters of the master device (6) and the slave device (7) respectively.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacities for the master device (6) and the slave device (7) are described by an alphanumeric symbol representing a category of device.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the device category is selected between master device (6) and slave device (7), and for the slave device (7) the device category in addition
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    indicates a type of sensors (5).
    [11]
    11. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the waiting time for sending the response message from the slave device (7) is calculated by means of a positive and defined positive injecting function that takes the identification as a parameter. unique to the slave device (7).
    [12]
    12. A communication system for sensors with heterogeneous capabilities, characterized in that it comprises:
    - at least one slave device (7) comprising at least one sensor (5) and one master device (6) that connects with the at least one slave device (7) via a semi-duplex radio frequency channel (8) ; the master device (6) and the slave device (7), both comprising:
    - a microcontroller (1), to which a signal modulation and adaptation chain (2) that excites a coupling based transceiver (3) is connected, and persistent storage means (4) of the microcontroller (1) are connected to the information; wherein the master device (6) and each slave device (7) to which it is connected are configured to implement the procedure defined in claims 1-11.
    [13]
    13. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that the transceiver (3) is based on coupling, which is selected between capacitive and inductive.
    [14]
    14. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that the microcontroller (1) is connected to at least one sensor (5).
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    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4685149A|1977-07-29|1987-08-04|Rockwell International Corporation|Meteor scatter burst communication system|
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